ABSTRACT
RESUMO O fator mais importante na manutenção da saúde periodontal é o adequado controle do biofilme dentário. Face às dificuldades no controle mecânico por parte dos pacientes, métodos alternativos ou complementares têm sido utilizados como coadjuvantes químicos do controle do biofilme, auxiliando no tratamento da gengivite. Dentre esses métodos alternativos, destaca-se a fitoterapia, através da utilização de plantas medicinais. Dessa forma, esse estudo faz uma revisão sistemática tendo como objetivo a busca, na literatura atual, de estudos que comprovem a eficácia de produtos fitoterápicos à base de aroeira no controle do biofilme dental auxiliando no tratamento da gengivite. Foi realizada busca computadorizada nos indexadores MedLine, Lilacs, BBO e Scielo no período de Setembro a Outubro de 2014. Os descritores de pesquisa utilizados foram “biofilme”, “gengivite”, “aroeira”, “plantas medicinais” e “fitoterápicos”, bem como seus correspondentes em língua inglesa. Através dos descritores utilizados, foram encontrados 54 artigos. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, chegou-se a 08 artigos: 05 revisões, 01 estudo clínico randomizado, 01 estudo experimental e 01 estudo observacional descritivo. De acordo com os estudos analisados, a aroeira apresentou atividades antifúngica e antimicrobiana eficazes, bem como potencial efeito de redução do índice de sangramento gengival, o que justifica seu uso no tratamento da gengivite.
ABSTRACT The most important factor to keep periodontal health is proper control of biofilm. Given the difficulties in the mechanical control by patients, alternative or complementary methods have been used as chemical supporting of biofilm control, helping the treatment of gingivitis. Among these alternatives, there is the phytotherapy, through the use of medicinal plants. Thus, this study it is a systematic review and aims to seek, in the current literature, researches proving the effectiveness of aroeira herbal products in the control of dental biofilm, assisting in the treatment of gingivitis. A computerized search was conducted in Medline, Lilacs, Scielo and BBO, from September to October of 2014. The search words used were “biofilm”, “gingivitis”, “aroeira”, “herbal medicines” and “phytotherapics” in Portuguese and English language. Through this method, 54 articles were found. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the research reached 08 items: 05 reviews, 01 randomized clinical trial, 01 experimental study and 01 descriptive observational study. According to the analyzed papers, the aroeira demonstrated effective antifungal and antimicrobial activities, as well as a potential reduction impact on gingival bleeding index, which would justify its use in the treatment of gingivitis.
Subject(s)
Anacardiaceae/classification , Gingivitis/physiopathology , Phytotherapy/instrumentation , Plants, Medicinal/classification , Dental Plaque/classificationABSTRACT
Xylofucoglucuronan from Spatoglossum schrõederi algae was tested as a support for antibiotic immobilization. The polysaccharide (20 mg in 6 ml) was first activated using carbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)carbodiimide methiodide (20 mg in 2 ml), under stirring for 1 h at 25ºC and pH from 4.5 to 5.0. After adjusting the pH to 8.0, either gentamicin or amikacin (62.5 mg in 1.25 ml) was then immobilized on this chemically modified polysaccharide with shaking for 24 h in a cold room. Infrared spectra of the activated carbodiimide xylofucoglucuronan showed two bands to carbonyl (C = O at 1647.9 and 1700.7 cm-1) and to amide (Cpsi-NH2) groups (1662.8 and 1714.0 cm-1). Microbial characterization of the derivatives was carried out by the disk diffusion method using Staphylococcus aureus or Klebsiella pneumoniae incorporated in Müller Hinton medium. Inhibition halos of bacterial growth were observed for the antibiotics immobilized on this sulfated heteropolysaccharide before and after dialysis. However, the halos resulting from the samples after dialysis were much smaller, suggesting that dialysis removed either non-covalently bound antibiotic or other small molecules. In contrast, bacterial growth was not inhibited by either xylofucoglucuronan or its activated form or by gentamicin or amikacin after dialysis. An additional experiment was carried out which demonstrated that the sulfated heteropolysaccharide was hydrolyzed by the microorganism. Therefore, the antibiotic immobilized on xylofucoglucuronan can be proposed as a controlled drug delivery system. Furthermore, this sulfated heteropolysaccharide can be extracted easily from sea algae Spatoglossum schrõederi.